Introduction to Microprocessor, Components of a Microprocessor: Registers, ALU and control & timing, System bus (data, address and control bus), Microprocessor systems with bus organization.

Microprocessor Architecture and Operations, Memory, I/O devices, Memory and I/O operations, 8085 Microprocessor Architecture, Address, Data And Control Buses, 8085 Pin Functions, Demultiplexing of Buses, Generation Of Control Signals.

Fetch Operation and Timing Diagram; Execute Operation and Timing Diagram, Instruction Cycle, Machine Cycle, T-States, Memory Interfacing.

Assembly instruction format, Instruction Types, Mnemonics, Operands, Macro assemblers, Linking, Assembler directives, Addressing Modes, Simple sequence programs, Flags, Branch, Jumps, While-Do, Repeat-Until, If-Then-Else and Multiple If-then Programs, Debugging.

Memory Read, Memory Write, I/O Read, I/O Write, Direct Memory Access, Interrupt, Types, Interrupt Masking.

Interfacing Concepts, Ports, Interfacing Of I/O Devices, Interrupts In 8085, Programmable Interrupt Controller 8259A, Programmable Peripheral Interface 8255A.

8086: logical block diagram and segments.
80286: Architecture, Registers, (Real/Protected mode), Privilege levels, descriptor cache, Memory access in GDT and LDT, multitasking, addressing modes, flag register.
80386: Architecture, Register organization, Memory access in protected mode, Paging.

The laboratory work includes Assembly language programming using 8085/8086/8088 trainer kit. The programming should include:

• Assembly language program using 8085 microprocessor kit.
• Use of all types of instructions and addressing modes.
• Arrays and the concept of Multiplications and Division operations on Microprocessor.
• Assembly language programming, using any types of Assembler, including the different functions of Int 10h, and 12h.